This project seeks to study an archaeological site in Northeast Spain that could increase our knowledge on the end of Neanderthals and their interaction with modern humans. Roca dels Bous is located in the first range of the Pyrenees, between the Ebro basin and entrance to the Pyrenees valleys. One of the most interesting characteristics of this site is the role it might have played in the mobility of the Neanderthals. The archaeological floors found had surprisingly few lithic artifacts and scarce animal remains. Layers of hearths with no apparent organization were discovered by the wall of the rock shelter. Fires appear repeatedly along the stratigraphic sequence and could be interpreted as resulting from ongoing short-term settlements. The combination of these factors suggests that small groups consistently chose La Roca dels Bous as a temporary shelter.